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1.???????????????У???????????????????????????
2.????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????а????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ж?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????佣???????????????????
?????????P??n?? Gu??
?????????Apple
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????????????????Malus pumila Mill.
????????????????7-8?????????????9-10???????????????????????????
??????????? ????????15m??С????????????????????????????????????????1.5-3cm???????????????????Σ???????????????Ρ?????????????Σ???4.5-10cm????3-5.5cm?????????????????????ж?????????????ɡ????????3-7????????С????????????1-2.5cm???????????????????????????3-4cm??????20??????5??????????Σ??????2cm??????????????????????????????棬????????????5???????7-10???
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????????????????50-2500m??????????????????????????
????????????????????в????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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????????? ???????????????????????6-7?????????γ35??-37???????????????????????θ????800-1200m??????????????????????????80cm??????????????????????0.8-1.0m????????????????????ξ?????????????λ?豣????1.0-1.5m??????????л????????????1%???????3%??????
?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????磬???????????????????????????????е???????????????????????????????????????????6-7?????????ó?????????????????????統??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????裬????1???????????????????????????м???????????????????????м??裬?????????????????4m??2m???????????????????3m??2m??
?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???溦???? ??????ò???????????????????????γ???????κ????40%????????????30-50??????????2-5????????????????????????????л?????????????????????????????????????????????250-300?????70%????в???1000??????????????????????????????2.5%?????3000???????????ж??????????????????????????????1000????????档
??????????????λ?????Σ??????????????????5-10cm????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5????????????2?????????ζ?????
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?????L-?????(L-malic acid)?????????(fumaric acid)????????(succinic acid)???????(pyruvic acid)??????????(glyoxylic acid)????????(oxalacetic acid)??2-??????(2-ketoglutaric acid)????????(glucose)??????(fructose)??????(sucrose)???????(tartaric [FS:PAGE]acid)??????(oxalic acid)??????(citric acid)???????(uronic acid)??????????(isocitric acid)??3-????????(3-indole acetic acid)???????(glutamic acid)??????????(polyphenoloxidase)???????(valine)??????(ornithine)????????(lysine)?????????(cysteine)??????????(norvaline)????????(aspartic acid)????-????-??-??????(??-phenyl-??-alanine)???鰱??(histidine)???????(tryptophane)???????(glycine)???????C(ascorbic acid)?????(ethyl alcohol)????????(n-propylalchol)????????(n-butyl alcohol)??????(isobutyl alcohol)??????(n-amyl alcohol)???????(n-hexyl acohol)??(-)-2-???-2-????[(-)-2-methyl-2-butanol]3-????(3-hexenal)?????????(n-propyl acetate)????????(n-butyl acetate)??????????(n-amyl acetate)??????????(n-hexyl acetate)??????????(ethyl caproate)?????(formaldehyde)?????(acetaldehyde)???????(n-propionaldehyde)???????(n-butylaldehyde)??2-????(2-hexenal)?????(nonylaldehyde)????????(isovaleric acid)??????(caproic acid)????????(benzoic acid)????????(hyperin)?????????(idaein)????????(pectinic acid)????????????(arabinan)?????????(galactan)?????????-7-?????????(cyanidin-7-arabinoside)?????????-3-???????(cyanidin-3-galactoside)?????????-3-?????????(cyanidin-3-arabinoside)??
??????????(chlorphyll)A??B??????????(pheophytin)?????????(carotenes)???????(xanthophylls)???????(quercetin)??????(quercitrin)?????????-3-????????????????-3-???????(cyanidin-3-glucoside)?????????-3-??????????????????-3-????(cyanidin-3-xyloside)??4-(5?@-???????-2?@-??)????[4-(5?@-hydroxyphlorizin-2?@-yl)phlorizin]??????(ritin)????????(hyperin)??????(quercitrin)??????????????(quercetin glucoside)??????(anthocyanin)??20-??-????????(20-??-hydroxy ursolic acid)2??@??20??-??????????(2??@??20??-dihydroxyursolic acid)??
?????????22.1%-31%??????????????????????(palmitic acid)??????(stearic acid)????????(arachidic acid)?????????????(hexadecenoic acid)??????(oleic acid)????????(linoleic acid)??????????(linolenic acid)?????????(eicosenoic acid)???????????(eicosadienoic acid)?????????(nondecanoic acid)??????????(heneicosanoec acid)????h??(behenic acid)??
?????????????????????????????(asparagine)????????(proline)???????(threonine)????????(arginine)???????(serine)???????(cystine)?????????????(leucine)????????????(tyrosine)??????????(phenylalanine)??(alanine)?????(sterol)???????(cholesterol)???????(progesterone)??
??????????(chlorogenic acid)??????(phlorizin)??
???????????????(cycloartenol)?????????-3-????????????????-3-?????????
????к???????(sorbitol)???????(mannitol)??????(glyctrol)2??3-??????(2,3-butylene glycol)??
????к?????(vanillin)???????(syringaldehyde)????-????????(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde)??
???????-?????(??-sitosterol)???????(friedelin)??????????(epifriedelinol)????-4-????-L-??????(cis-4-hydroxy methyl-L-proline)??
?????????????????????????????????????(glutamine)??
???(-)-?????辫[(-)-epicatechin]????????-???辫[(??)-catechin]???????(squal[FS:PAGE]ene)??
???????????-????????(??-aminobutyric acid)????????????????????????
????????????????(pomolic acid)????????(pomonic acid)??????????(vanguerin)???????????(tomentosolic acid)??????????(vanguerolic acid)???????(phloretic acid)????????(phloroglucinol)????λ????λ????(p-??o-coumaric acid)??
????????á????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч????????2-3??????????????ó????????????????????????䴙??λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????á?
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1.???????????????????????????????????????????????磬???????????????????????????
2.???????Ρ???????????
3.??????????н???????????????仼????????????????????
4.????????????????????
5.??????????????????????
6.???????????????????????????????????????ν????????????ο????
7.???????????????????????????????
8.???????????????????????????θ??????
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